Spin–Orbit Misalignment in Close Binaries with Two Compact Objects

Spin–orbit misalignment in coalescing compact binaries affects their gravitational radiation waveforms. When the misalignment angles are large (∼> 30 ◦), the detection efficiency of the coalescence events can decrease significantly if the misalignment effects are not modeled. In this paper, we consider the formation of close compact binaries and calculate the expected misalignment angles after the second core collapse event. Depending on the progenitor parameters and the assumptions made about supernova kicks, we find that 30%–80% of binaries containing a black hole and a neutron star that coalesce within 1010 yr have misalignment angles larger than 30◦ and a significant fraction of them could remain undetected. The calculations also allow us to place strong constraints on the progenitors of such binaries and the kick magnitudes required for their formation. We also discuss the spin tilt angles of close binaries with two black holes. Subject headings: binaries: close — stars: supernovae — gravitation